my whole life

The epidemic of smoking has spread continually around the world. Even today, smoking is the largest addiction of the globe. There are an estimated 1.3 billion smokers. About a third of the male adult global population smokes. About 15 billion cigarettes are sold daily - or 10 million every minute. Someone who has addicted to smoke tends to hard for saying goodbye to cigarette, it caused by tobacco contains additive components. Studies have found that cigarettes are addictive because an unknown component of tobacco smoke appears to destroy an important brain enzyme known as monoamine oxidase B (MAO B). The enzyme is vital for breaking down excess amounts of dopamine, a neurotransmitter that triggers pleasure-seeking behavior. Smokers have decreased levels of MAO B and abnormally high levels of dopamine, which may encourage the smoker to seek the pleasure of more tobacco smoke. Moreover, cigarette industries always release the newest innovation to get their consumer.

Smoking habit is started by following trends. Cigarette addicts usually start their smoking activity since they was adolescence. In that age, adolescent always want to prove their existence. Many kinds of campaign, slogan, and counseling are held to aware the smokers. Appeals in a pack of ciggarrete suggest that smoking accounts for nearly 90 percent of lung cancer deaths. Additionally, smokers are at increased risk for cancer of the larynx, oral cavity, esophagus, bladder, kidney, and pancreas. Smokers could read and hear about that caution clearly. Many NGO has reviewed about the effect of smoking for human body. Today, people can acces information about smoking effect in the internet. Smoking can cause dead, death rates of smoking in Indonesia has reached 427 923 inhabitants / year based on the findings KPAI, active smokers in Indonesia approximately 141.4 million persons. Of the 70 million children in Indonesia, 37 percent or 25.9 million children smokers. About 43 million children aged up to 18 years threatened deadly disease. Without due respect to the parties who have struggled to realize the smokers, it seems that all these actions are still far from satisfactory because the fact is, the number of smokers are growing from year to year. A survey showed that approximately 80% smokers grow rapidly in developing countries, 70% of whom are poor.

Does not work with all the above, some community and then loudly shouted that smoking is forbidden. This is certainly the more precautious opinion, and seems to make sense both socially and individually. Many Ulama (Islamic scholars) are of the view that smoking is haram. This view is substantiated by those verses of the Holy Qur'an and a hadits of Rasulullah Sallallahu alaihi wa sallam which prohibit harming one's physical well being, causing distress to others and squandering wealth. While one may not agree with them, their reasoning is has legal grounding and is certainly not baseless. They said that "Killing the cigarette industry would be to kill the goose that lays the golden eggs."

Smoking haram fatwa issued by one of the Islamic organizations recently reaped a polemic, this is really ironic with the fact that the plunge themselves to destruction is something that is forbidden, extravagance and waste of money for something that is not or is less useful as well is something that is not recommended and of course we all agree with this statement. Addiction to whatever habit is undesirable and disliked. It is a kind of slavery that one imposes upon oneself. The smokers when they do not have their daily dose go crank. Smoking is no doubt prohibited and discouraged in Islam for many reasons. In view of the vivid hazards of health that tobacco has, it is tantamount to taking slow poison. The Glorious Quran says, “Do not cast yourselves, with your own hands, into destruction.” (Surah al-Baqarah 2:195); "...nor kill yourselves..." (Surah al-Nisaa 4:29). Though, smoking is not exactly like committing suicide but one should fear that it resembles to it. Suicide is a major sin, in a Hadith, the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said: "Whosoever drinks poison, thereby killing himself, will sip this poison forever and ever in the fire of Hell". Allah SWT commands all the goodness of mankind in which there is goodness and salvation of man, and He forbids humans from everything that can lead to misery and bad result in the world and the hereafter. “It is not for a believer, man or woman, when Allah and His Messenger have decreed a matter that they should have any option in their decision. And whoever disobeys Allâh and His Messenger, he has indeed strayed in a plain error.” (Al-Ahzab 36)

Here is the Islamic perspective of smoking:

1. Smoking is khobits (bad thing).

There are many instances where the Qur'an gives us general guidelines, and calls upon us to use our reason and intelligence, and seek guidance from Allah about what is right and wrong. Islamic scholars use their knowledge and judgment to make new legal rulings (fatwa). In the Qur'an, Allah says, “...he [the Prophet] commands them what is just, and forbids them what is evil; he allows them as lawful what is good, and prohibits them from what is bad..." (Qur'an 7:157).

The Prophet (peace be upon him) said that: "Allah hates for you three things: gossiping, begging (while being able to work and earn), and wasting money."

2. Smoking is mudharat

Allah Subhanahu wa Ta’ala, has ordered his servant to eat halal food from Rizki that Allah Subhanahu wa Ta’ala, has given to His servant, Allah S.W.T says regarding:
“O mankind! Eat of that which is lawful and good on the earth, and follow not the footsteps of Shaitan (Satan). Verily, he is to you an open enemy”(QS.Al-Baqarah:168)

And also Allah S.W.T says regarding in other ayat :

كُـلُـوامِـنْطَـيِّـبَـاتِمَـارَزَقْـنَـكُـمْ
“Eat from good food that we have given to you” (Al-Ayah)

Then the second paragraph above is clear that the command of Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala to His servant, to eat kosher food is also good that there is no mudharat.

Allah SWT says regarding these aspects inAl Qur’an:
'Those who follow the Messenger, the Prophet who can neither read nor write (i.e. Muhammad (peace be upon him)) whom they find written with them in the Taurât (Torah) (Deut, xviii, 15) and the Injeel (Gospel) (John xiv, 16), - he commands them for Al-Ma'rûf (i.e. Islâmic Monotheism and all that Islâm has ordained); and forbids them from Al-Munkar (i.e. disbelief, polytheism of all kinds, and all that Islâm has forbidden); he allows them as lawful At-Taiyibât ((i.e. all good and lawful) as regards things, deeds, beliefs, persons, foods), and prohibits them as unlawful Al-Khabâ'ith (i.e. all evil and unlawful as regards things, deeds, beliefs, persons, foods), he releases them from their heavy burdens (of Allâh's Covenant), and from the fetters (bindings) that were upon them. So those who believe in him (Muhammad (peace be upon him)) honor him, help him, and follow the light (the Qur'ân) which has been sent down with him, it is they who will be successful”. (Al-A'raaf:157)

From Sa’id Al-Khudriy Radliallahu ‘anhu bahwasanya Nabi Shallallahu ‘Alaihi wa Sallam said:

لاَضَـرَرَوَلاَضِـرَارَ
“Don’t give mudharat (to others) and don’t impose mudharat thing to each” (HR. Ibnu Majah dan Ad-Daruqutni dll and hadits hasan)

in the two Authentic Compilations of Bukhari and Muslim, it is reported that prophet (S.A.W) said: “Allah has forbidden you to waste your wealth”.

3. Smoking is mubadzir

People who think will know how to live in muamalah ways. The means of living from God will not being dissipated for something wasteful because wasting something is devil’s behavior

Allah SWT regarding says : ” And give to the kindred his due and to the Miskin (poor) and to the wayfarer. But spend not wastefully (your wealth) in the manner of a spendthrift . Verily, spendthrifts are brothers of the Shayatin (devils), and the Shaitan (Devil - Satan) is ever ungrateful to his Lord.” (QS Al-Israa’: 26-27).

Rasulullah - Shallallhu ‘Alaihi wa Sallam said :

إِنَّاللهكَـرَهَلَـكُـمْثَـلاَثاًقـيلَوَقَـالَوَإِضَـاعَـةالـمَـلِوكـَثْـرةالُّـؤال
“ Allah hate you in 3 things, and He said : deed a waste of money and a lot to ask” (HR. Al-Bukhari)

4. Smoking is excessive thing

Alloh subhanahu wataala regarding says : ” O Children of Adam! Take your adornment (by wearing your clean clothes), while praying and going round (the Tawaf of ) the Ka'bah, and eat and drink but waste not by extravagance, certainly He (Allah) likes not Al-Musrifun (those who waste by extravagance).” {QS Al-’Araaf: 31}.

5.Smoking same as killing yourself .

Smoking increases the risk of overall mortality by 70% compared to non-smokers, and smokers die 5-8 years earlier than nonsmokers).

Alloh tabaroka wa ta’ala regarding says:

'And do not kill yourselves (nor kill one another). Surely, Allâh is Most Merciful to you'. (An-Nisaa: 29)

from Abu Hurairah Radliallahu ‘anhu bahwasanya Rasulullah Shallallahu ‘Alaihi wa Sallam said:

وَمَنْشَـربَسَـمًّافَـقَـتّـلنَـفْـسَـهفَـهُـوَيَـتَّـحَـسَـاهفىنـارِجـهَـنَّـمَخَـالِـدًامُـخَـلِّـدًافِـيهـاابـدًا
“Whoever inhaling poison until death so they will nhale that poison in the jahannam hell forever. (HR. Al-Bukhary dan Muslim).

6. Smoking is throwing ourself to the destruction

The primary basis of this ruling is that a smoker slowly destroys the body that Allah has granted him. The human body is a trust from Allah and has to be safeguarded and protected at all costs. A strong healthy believer is better than a weak one. One who smokes, inevitably destroys one's good health. Rasulullah Sallallahu alaihi wa sallam said that one should cherish one's good health before one's illness. The harms of smoking are very well-known today, especially when every cigarette advertisement warns of the harms of smoking.

Allah states: "And do not throw yourself into destruction with your own hands. and do good. Truly, Allâh loves Al-Muhsinûn (the good-doers) " (Qur'ân 2: 195)

7. smoking is harmful.

An Hadith upon the authority of Anas (R.A.) that the prophet (S.A.W) said: (whoever harms a Muslim, has indeed harmed me, and whoever harms me, has harmed Allah)
Reported by At-Tabaraani in Al-Awsat.

It's extremely clear from all presented that the practice of smoking is a harmful one.
An intelligent individual knows the dangers that exist in persisting negative activities, from both a worldly and religious avenue. it has become abundantly clear that, sooner or later, smoking, in whichever form and by whichever means, causes extensive health and financial damage to smokers. It is also the cause of a variety of diseases. Consequently, and on this evidence alone, smoking would be forbidden and should in no way be practiced by Muslims. Furthermore, the obligation to preserve one’s health and wealth, as well as that of society as a whole, and medical evidence now available on the dangers of smoking, further support this view.

identity:

Ineu Gustiani

0902108

IPSE-FPMIPA

Education of Islamic Religion

Mid semester examination: writing essay by Islamic perspective

Label: WOWassignment(s) 0 cuap cuap dari pembaca | |

OSMOSIS AND DIFFUSION LABORATORY REPORT

my whole life

OSMOSIS

I. Title : Structure and osmosis cell of potato

II. Purpose : To identify the structure of potato cell which is stained by iodine.

To identify the osmosis of cell

III Hypothesis :1.iodine could identify the glucose which is products of photosynthesis,the polimeritation of glucose producing chloroplast and leucoplast.

2. Osmosis are examples of passive transport where by ions or molecules driven by thermal motion move down concentration gradients set up between solutions separated by biological membranes in living systems

Osmosis is defined as the net movement of water or any small molecule across a partially permeable membrane from a region of low concentration to a region of higher concentration.

· Water will flow from the low concentration to the high

concentration.

· The potato cube in high concentration solution will gain and increase

in mass.

· The potato cube in low concentration solution will loose and decrease

in mass.

IV Material :

Part 1

1.Potato

2.Microscope

3.Water

4.Iodine solution

5.Cutter

Part 2 :

1. Potato

2.10 % salt solution

3. Distillated water

4. two tubes

5. stopwatch (watch)

6. Cutter

V.Procedures :

Part 1

1.Slice a thin of potato

2.Put it on to glass slide

3.Add with water

4.Cover it with cover slip

5.Observe the slide under law and high power of microscope

6.Take the same way and change water with dropping of iodine solution

Part 2

1.Obtain two label of test tubes

2,Place salt solution in one tube,and water solution in the other tube.

3.Place a slice of potato which has 1 cm length into both of tubes

4.Allow them to stay in the tubes for 30 minutes

5.Observe the differences between the two slices of potato.

VI. Recording of observation

potato cell

Part 1

That’s potato cell under medium power (100x). The little clear circles are actually the leucoplasts.These organel store starch in plant cells.After stained with iodine, it turns dark blue/black when in contact with starch.

Part 2

Types of solution	Duration	Result/Condition
Water solution	30 minutes	The potato is bubling
Salt solution	30 minutes	The potato is reducing

The potato slice which is placed into a cup of pure water is bubbling because there also is some water already inside the cells .The water in the cup is more concentrated than the water in the cells.

The slice which is placed in a cup of very salty water is reducing because the water in the cup is a low concentration because the salt forces the water molecules apart from each other

VII. Conclusion :

Part 1

the iodine solution reveals the presence of leucoplast,granules of coiled starch within the cells with the dark blue/black color.

Part 2

Water molecules will move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.The area of lower concentration is inside the cells so the water will move there.The cell membrane is semi-permeable so the water molecules can get through.The cell will expand as the water flows in.As all the cells expand, the potato slice will expand and become more rigid.

The salt makes the water in the cup a lower concentration than the water in the cells.The water molecules will move out of the cells to spread into the salty water in the cup.As water leaves the cells, they will shrink.As the cells shrink, the slice will shrink and become more flexible.

So, our hypothesis were correct that water flows from the less concentrated to the more concentrated solution, and therefore the mass increases in the more concentrated solution.This phenomenon is named Osmosis.

DIFFUSION

I. Title : Diffusion

II. Purpose : To identify how molecular size influences the rate of diffusion

III.Hypothesis : Diffusion occurs in solutions consisting of particles air and drinking water are both examples of solutions consisting of molecules/mixtures of different types of particles.Molecules are in constant random motion. If molecules of one type are concentrated in one area, they will move until they are evenly distributed throughout the container.

IV. Material :

1.Petri dishes

2.agar

3.ink

4.Stop watch

V. Procedures:

1. Obtain two Petri dishes, one empty and one with agar.

2. Place water in the empty one so that it covers the bottom of the dish.

3. Add a drop of ink to the center of each dish.

4. Measure the size of each drop across the diameter, and record the time.

5. Observe what happens.

6. When the ink nears the edge of the dish of water, measure and record the diameter of the spot and record the time.

VI. Recording observation :

MEDIUM	DIAMETER (cm)	Time (s)
Just water (without agar)


agar

The ink sinks to the bottom of the Petri dish because it is more dense than water. Overtime, the ink at the bottom spreads upward. It moves from a region of high concentration to one of low concentration.The ink has been diluted with water to produce paler shade. Diffusion eventually stops when the concentration of water and ink is same.

VII Conclusion :

The rate of diffusion is affected by properties of the cell, the diffusing molecule and the surrounding solution. The rate of diffusion increases as the concentration molecule. In contrast, if the concentration of the molecules are low, the rate of diffusion will be low. When differences in concentration no longer exist, diffusion stop

I. Title : Structure of cell

II. Purpose : To Identify the structure of rhoe discolor,cassava,and protist

III. Hypothesis : The cell organel of plant: a. cell wall

b. plastids

c. central vacuole

d. plasmodesmata

e. mitochondria

f. nucleus

g. golgi apparatus

h. etc.

IV. Material :

1.Rhoediscolor

2.Cassava stem

3.Water pond

4.Cutter

5.Microscope

6.Aquades

V. Procedures:

1. Slice rhoediscolor into a small piece

2. Place it onto glass slide

3. Drop aquades.

4. Cover with cover slip.

5. Observe with microscope.

6. Do the same way with cassava stem and water pond.

VI. Recording observation :

rhoe discolor

cassava stem cell

protist in pond water

VII Conclusion :

Protists is used to refer to unicellular eukaryotes. Eukaryotes are a very diverse group, and their cell structures are equally diverse. Many have cell walls; many do not. Many have chloroplasts, derived from primary, secondary, or even tertiary endosymbiosis; and many do not. Some groups have unique structures, such as the cyanelles of the glaucophytes, the haptonema of the haptophytes, or the ejectisomes of the cryptomonads. Other structures, such as pseudopods, are found in various eukaryote groups in different forms, such as the lobose amoebozoans or the reticulose foraminiferans.

Reproduction

Plant cells are quite different from the cells of the other eukaryotic organisms. Their distinctive features are:

* A large central vacuole (enclosed by a membrane, the tonoplast), which maintains the cell's turgor and controls movement of molecules between the cytosol and sap

* A primary cell wall containing cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin, deposited by the protoplast on the outside of the cell membrane; this contrasts with the cell walls of fungi, which contain chitin, and the cell envelopes of prokaryotes, in which peptidoglycans are the main structural molecules

* The plasmodesmata, linking pores in the cell wall that allow each plant cell to communicate with other adjacent cells; this is different from the functionally analogous system of gap junctions between animal cells.

* Plastids, especially chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll, the pigment that gives plants their green color and allows them to perform photosynthesis

* Higher plants, including conifers and flowering plants (Angiospermae) lack the flagellae and centrioles that are present in animal cells.

identity:

Ineu Gustiani

0902108

IPSE-FPMIPA

Fundamental of biology